ABSTRACT
Background: Most of the nations have proposed research regulations to protect the rights and welfare of the research participants. Among such regulations are the informed consent and assent. In the present world, informed consent and assent is the cornerstone in health practice. Aims and Objectives: To compare and evaluate the knowledge and attitude toward informed consent and assent for biomedical research involving children among health-care professionals in Belagavi city. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire study was conducted among 300 house surgeons divided into four groups of Medical, Dental, Nursing, and Ayurveda faculty of Belagavi city. A self-administered multiple choice questions were used to evaluate the knowledge and a five-point Likert scale was used to asses attitude regarding informed consent and assent for research involving children. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 20. Results: There was statistically significant difference in mean knowledge and attitude among all four groups (P < 0.05), and there was no significant correlation between knowledge and attitude as a whole in each group of professionals (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Emphasis on additional training is the need of the hour for all the faculty participants and also incorporation of study material regarding informed consent and assent for research involving children by the policy makers.
ABSTRACT
Thyroid hormones are required for normal development as well as regulating metabolism in the adult. Thyroid gland disorders are the second most abundant endocrinal disorders after diabetes. A decreased thyroid hormone adversely affects erythropoietic system causes anaemia. Aim: The Aim and objective of the study was to compare the vitamin B12, Folate and Ferritin with thyroid hormones in hypothyroidism. Methods: In the present study, total 350 samples were included in which 175 were hypothyroid patients and 175 were normal individuals of age group between 15-65 years. Measurements of serum concentrations of Total T3, Total T4, TSH, Vitamin B12, Folate and Ferritin were done using Chemiluminiscence Immunosorbant Assay. Results: Serum TSH levels were significantly increased in Hypothyroidism as compared to normal individual (7.42±1.75 vs 2.72±1.28, p<0.0001*). The total T3 level was significantly decreased in Hypothyroidism in comparison to normal individual (0.43±0.41 vs 1.30±0.29, p<0.0001*). Similarly, total T4 level was significantly decrease in Hypothyroidism in comparison to normal individual (3.60±1.38 vs. 6.62±1.11, p<0.0001*). Level of Vitamin B12 was significantly decreased in Hypothyroidism in comparison to normal individual (210.45±129.30 vs 483.93±264.74, p<0.0001*). Folate was significantly decreased in Hypothyroidism as compared to normal (2.51±0.99 vs 6.67±0.83, p<0.0001*). Ferritin was also observed significantly decreased in Hypothyroidism in comparison to normal (23.08±1.18 vs 63.43±3.30, p<0.0001*). TSH was observed significantly correlated with Folate (r=0.187* p=0.013). Conclusion: The Lower values of above these parameters in hypothyroidism interpret that thyroid hormones are metabolic hormones and produce impact on our metabolic and hormonal balance in which hemopoetic system is highly effected.